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AR Rahman is one of the worlds

A. R. Rahman

A. R. Rahman அ. ர. ரஹ்மான்
A.R. Rahman in 2011
Background information
Birth name	A. S. Dileep Kumar
Also known as	A. R. Rahman, ARR, AR
Born	6 January 1966 (age 44)Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India(1966-01-06)
Genres	Film score, theatre, world music
Occupations	Composer, record producer, music director, singer, instrumentalist, arranger, programmer
Years active	1985–present
Labels	K M Musiq
Website	arrahman.com

Allah Rakha Rahman (Tamil: அல்லா ரக்கா ரஹ்மான்; born 6 January 1966 as A. S. Dileep Kumar) is an Indian film composer, record producer, musician and singer. His film scoring career began in the early 1990s. He has won fourteen Filmfare Awards, eleven Filmfare Awards South, four National Film Awards, two Academy Awards, two Grammy Awards, a BAFTA Award and a Golden Globe.^[1][2]

Rahman obtained a degree in western classical music from the Trinity College of Music in London, and set up his own in-house studio called Panchathan Record Inn at Chennai, arguably one of Asia’s most sophisticated and high-tech studios.^[3] Later by working in India's various film industries, international cinema and theatre, by 2004, Rahman, in a career spanning nearly two decades, had sold more than 150 million records of his film scores and soundtracks worldwide,^[4][5] and sold over 200 million cassettes,^[6] making him one of the world's all-time top selling recording artists. He was described as "India's most prominent movie songwriter" by Time magazine in 2005.^[7]

His works are notable for integrating eastern classical music with electronic music sounds, world music genres, new technology and traditional orchestral arrangements. Time magazine has referred to him as the "Mozart of Madras" and several Tamil commentators have coined him the nickname Isai PuyalTamil: இசைப் புயல்; English: Music Storm).^[8] In 2009, Time magazine placed Rahman in its list of World's Most Influential People.^[9] (

Contents [hide] 1 Early life 2 Career 2.1 Film scoring and soundtracks 2.2 Other works 2.3 Music style and impact 2.4 Awards 3 Personal life 4 Social service 5 Filmography 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links

Early life

A R Rahman seen during his early days.

A. R. Rahman was born in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India to a musically affluent Mudaliar Tamil family. His father R. K. Shekhar, was a Chennai based composer and conductor for Malayalam films. Rahman lost his father at the age of 9 and his family rented out his father's musical equipment as a source of income. He was raised by his mother Kareema (previously called Kashturi). During these formative years, Rahman served as a keyboard player and an arranger in bands such as "Roots", with childhood friend and percussionist Sivamani, John Anthony, Suresh Peters, JoJo and Raja.^[10] Rahman is the founder of the Chennai-based rock group, "Nemesis Avenue".^[11] He played the keyboard and piano, the synthesizer, the harmonium and the guitar. His curiosity in the synthesizer, in particular increased because, he says, it was the "ideal combination of music and technology".^[12] He began early training in music under Master Dhanraj. At the age of 11, he joined, as a keyboardist, the troupe of Ilaiyaraaja,^[12] one of many composers to whom musical instruments belonging to Rahman's father were rented. Rahman later played in the orchestra of M. S. Viswanathan, Ramesh Naidu and Raj-Koti, accompanied Zakir Hussain, Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan and L. Shankar on world tours and obtained a scholarship to the Trinity College of Music where he graduated with a degree in Western classical music.^[13]

He was introduced to Qadiri Islam when his father was dying and his younger sister fell severely sick. He describes the process as taking five years; he along with other members of his family converted to Islam in 1989 when he was 23 years old. He changed his name to Rahman.^[10]

Career

Though his film career started in 1992, Rahman at the age of 9, in 1975, had accidentally played a tune on piano during his father's recording for a film, which R.K.Shekhar later developed into a complete song "Vellithen Kinnam Pol", for the Malayalam film "Penpada". This track credited to his father, was sung by Jayachandran and penned by Bharanikkavu Sivakumar.^[14]

Film scoring and soundtracks

His notable film career began in 1992, when he began the Panchathan Record Inn, a music recording and mixing studio attached to the backyard of his house. Over time it would become the most advanced recording studio in India.^[15] He initially composed scores for documentaries, jingles for advertisements and Indian Television channels and other projects. In 1992, he was approached by film director Mani Ratnam to compose the score and soundtrack for Ratnam's Tamil film Roja.^[15] The debut led Rahman to receive the Rajat Kamal award for Best Music Director at the National Film Awards, an unprecedented win for a first-time film composer. Rahman has since been awarded the Silver Lotus three more times for Minsaara Kanavu (Electric Dreams, Tamil) in 1997, Lagaan (Tax, Hindi) in 2002, Kannathil Muthamittal (A Peck on the Cheek, Tamil) in 2003, the most ever by any composer.^[16]

Roja's score met with high sales and acclaim in both its original and dubbed versions, bringing about a marked change in film music at the time. Rahman followed this with successful scores for Tamil–language films of the Chennai film industry including Ratnam's politically charged Bombay, the urbanite Kadhalan, Bharathiraaja's Karuththamma, the saxophonic Duet, Indira, and the romantic comedies Mr. Romeo and Love Birds, which gained him considerable notice.^[17][18] His fanbase in Japan increased with Muthu 's success there.^[19]Western classical, Carnatic and Tamil traditional/folk music traditions, jazz, reggae and rock music.^[20][21][22] The Bombay Theme—from Ratnam's Bombay—would later reappear in Deepa Mehta's Fire and various compilations and media. Rangeela, directed by Ram Gopal Varma, marked Rahman's debut for Hindi-language filmsMumbai film industry. Many successful scores for films including Dil Se and the percussive Taal followed.^[23][24] Sufi mysticism would inspire the track "Chaiyya Chaiyya" from the former, as well as the composition "Zikr" from his score for the film Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: The Forgotten Hero, for which he created large orchestral and choral arrangements.^[10] Musical cues in scores for Sangamam and Iruvar employed Carnatic vocals and instruments such as the veena with leads of rock guitar and jazz.^[25] In the 2000s Rahman created hit scores for Rajiv Menon's Kandukondain Kandukondain, Alaipayuthey, Ashutosh Gowariker's Swades and Rang De Basanti.^[26] He composed songs with Hindustani motifs for Water (2005). His soundtracks gained him recognition in the Tamil Nadu film industry and around the world for his stylistic versatility incorporating made in the

Rahman has worked with Indian poets and lyricists such as Javed Akhtar, Gulzar, Vairamuthu and Vaali. He has consistently produced commercially successful soundtracks when collaborating with particular film directors such as Mani Ratnam who he has worked with since Roja, and the director S. ShankarGentleman, Kadhalan, Indian, Jeans, Mudhalvan, Nayak, Boys, Sivaji and Enthiran.^[27] in the films

In 2005, Rahman extended his Panchathan Record Inn studio by establishing AM Studios in Kodambakkam, Chennai, thereby creating the most cutting-edge studio in Asia.^[28][29] In 2006, Rahman launched his own music label, KM Music.^[30] Its first release was his score to the film Sillunu Oru Kaadhal.^[31]Mandarin language picture Warriors of Heaven and Earth in 2003 after researching and utilizing Chinese and Japanese classical music, and co-scored the Shekhar Kapoor project Elizabeth: The Golden Age in 2007. His compositions have been sampled for other scores within India,^[32] and appeared in such films as Inside Man, Lord of War, Divine Intervention and The Accidental Husband. In 2008, he scored the Slumdog Millionaire soundtrack, for which he won a Golden Globe and two Academy Awards, becoming the first Indian citizen to do so. In the United States, the soundtrack topped the Dance/Electronic Albums chart^[33] and reached #4 on the Billboard 200^[34] The song "Jai Ho" reached #2 on the Eurochart Hot 100 Singles^[35]Billboard Hot 100.^[36] Rahman scored the chart. and #15 on the US

Other works

Rahman has been involved in several projects aside from film. Vande Mataram, an album of his original compositions released on India's 50th anniversary of independence in 1997, enjoyed great commercial success.^[37][38] He followed it up with an album for the Bharat Bala–directed video Jana Gana Mana, a conglomeration of performances by many leading exponents and artists of Indian classical music. Rahman has written jingles for ads and composed several orchestrations for athletic events, television and internet media publications, documentaries and short films.

Rahman performing at a concert in 2010

In 1999, Rahman partnered with choreographers Shobhana and Prabhu Deva Sundaram and a Tamil cinema dancing troupe to perform with Michael JacksonMunich, Germany at his "Michael Jackson and Friends" concert. In 2002, he composed the music for his maiden stage production, Bombay Dreams, commissioned by musical theatre composer Andrew Lloyd Webber. Finnish folk music band Värttinä collaborated with Rahman to write the music for The Lord of the Rings theatre production and in 2004, Rahman composed the piece "Raga's Dance" for Vanessa-Mae's album Choreography.^[16] in

Since 2004, Rahman has performed three successful world tours to audiences in Singapore, Australia, Malaysia, Dubai, the United Kingdom, Canada, the U.S.^[16][39] He has been collaborating with Karen David for her upcoming studio album. A two-disc soundtrack, Introducing A. R. Rahman (2006) featuring 25 of his pieces from Tamil film scores was released in May 2006, and his non-film album, Connections was released on 12 December 2008. Rahman also performed at the White House State dinner arranged by U.S. President Barack Obama during the official visit of Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 24 November 2009.^[40][41] Rahman is one of over 70 artists who performed on "We Are the World: 25 for Haiti", a charity single to raise emergency relief funds in the wake of the 2010 Haiti earthquake. In 2010, Rahman composed "Jay Jay Garvi Gujarat" in honor of the 50th anniversary of the formation of Gujarat State,^[42] "Semmozhiyaana Thamizh Mozhiyaam" as part of World Classical Tamil Conference 2010, and the official theme song of the 2010 Commonwealth Games, "Jiyo Utho Bado Jeeto". Rahman organised his first world tour, named A. R. Rahman Jai Ho Concert: The Journey Home World Tour, in 2010. The ongoing tour was kicked off on June 11 at the Nassau Coliseum in New York and will span 16 major cities worldwide.^[43] and India.

Rahman, who had composed the highly successful signature tune for telecom brand Airtel, released a new version of the song on 18 November 2010.^[44][45]theme song for Radio Desi Beats, of which he is a brand ambasaddor of, a couple of days later.^[46] Automobile brand Toyota roped Rahman in to endorse their India specific car Etios in 2010.^[47][48] He scored the ad and was featured in it. Rahman also recorded a song for it, called "Pehli Baar", recorded by Chinmayi, Javed Ali and Madhushree.^[49] He also released the

Music style and impact

Skilled in Carnatic music, Western classical, Hindustani music and the QawwaliNusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Rahman has been noted to write film songs that amalgamate elements of these music systems and other genres, layering instruments from differing music idioms in an improvisatory manner.^[50][10]leitmotif. In the 1980s, Rahman recorded and played arrangements on monophonic sound, synonymous with the era of his musical predecessors K. V. Mahadevan and Vishwanathan–Ramamoorthy. In later years his methodology changed as he experimented with the fusion of traditional instruments with new electronic sounds and technology.^[10] style of Symphonic orchestral themes have accompanied his scores, occasionally employing

Rahman's musical interests and outlook stem from his love of experimentation. Rahman's compositions, in the vein of past and contemporary Chennai film composers, bring out auteuristic uses of counterpoint, orchestration and the human voice, melding Indian pop music with unique timbres, forms and instrumentation. By virtue of these qualities, broad ranging lyrics and his syncretic style, the appeal of his music cuts across the spectrum of classes and cultures within Indian society.^[51]

His first soundtrack for Roja was listed in TIME's "10 Best Soundtracks" of all time in 2005. Film critic Richard Corliss felt the "astonishing debut work parades Rahman's gift for alchemizing outside influences until they are totally Tamil, totally Rahman."^[52] Rahman's initial global reach is attributed to the South Asian diaspora. Described as one of the most innovative composers to ever work in the industry, his unique style and immense success transformed film music in the 1990s prompting several film producers to take film music more seriously.^[53] The music producer Ron Fair considers Rahman to be "one of the world's great living composers in any medium".^[54]

The director Baz Luhrmann notes

“

I had come to the music of A. R. Rahman through the emotional and haunting score of Bombay and the wit and celebration of Lagaan. But the more of AR's music I encountered the more I was to be amazed at the sheer diversity of styles: from swinging brass bands to triumphant anthems; from joyous pop to West-End musicals. Whatever the style, A. R. Rahman's music always possesses a profound sense of humanity and spirit, qualities that inspire me the most.[55]

”

Awards

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by A. R. Rahman

Rahman was the 1995 recipient of the Mauritius National Award and the Malaysian Award for contributions to music. He was nominated for a Laurence Olivier Award for his first West-End production. A four-time National Film Award winner and conferred the Padma Shri from the Government of India, Rahman has also received six Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, fourteen Filmfare Awards and eleven Filmfare Awards South for his music and scores. In 2006, he received an honorary award from Stanford University for contributions to global music.^[56] In 2009, for his score of Slumdog Millionaire, Rahman won the Critics' Choice Award, the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score,^[57] the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music, and two Academy Awards for Best Original Music Score and Best Original Song at the 2009 Oscars. Middlesex UniversityAligarh Muslim University have announced that they plan to bestow honorary doctorates on Rahman.^[58][59] Later the year Rahman was conferred the honorary doctorate from Anna University in Chennai.^[60] He has also won two Grammy Awards, for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album and Best Song Written for a Visual Media.^[1] Rahman was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honor, in 2010.^[61] Rahman has been nominated for the 2011 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score for the film 127 Hours.^[62] and

Personal life

He is married to Saira Banu and has three children, Khatija, Rahima, and Ameen. Rahman made his son Ameen sing the track "NaNa" from Couples Retreat and his daughter Khatija the track "Pudhiya Manidha" from Enthiran.^[63][64] Rahman is the uncle of composer G. V. Prakash Kumar, who is the son of Rahman's elder sister, A. R. Reihana. She debuted in film singing on the track "Vidai Kodu Engal Naadae" from Kannathil Muthamittal. He is the brother-in-law of Malayalam film actor Rahman.

He had become an atheist as a result of childhood struggles, and eventually in 1989 converted to Islam, the religion of his mother's family. In an interview with Time magazine, he said that he embraced Islam through Sufism.^[65] He is very devoted to his mother. During the 81st Academy Awards ceremony, he paid her a tribute saying: "There is a Hindi dialogue 'mere pass ma hai' which means even if I have got nothing I have my mother here."^[66]

Despite being a former atheist, Rahman began his own catchphrase, "Ella pughazhum iraivanukke", a sentence in Tamil which literally means "All praises dedicated to God". The phrase was further popularized after Rahman uttered it during his speech at the 81st Academy Awards ceremony.^[67]

Social service

Rahman is involved in various charitable causes. In 2004, he was appointed as the Global Ambassador of the Stop TB Partnership, a project by WHO.^[16] He has shown support to charities including Save the Children, India, and worked with Yusuf Islam for his song Indian Ocean. The song featured a-ha keyboard player Magne Furuholmen and drummer Travis, Neil Primrose. The proceeds of the song went towards helping orphans in Banda Aceh, that was affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. He produced the single We Can Make It BetterMukhtar Sahota.^[68] In 2008, Rahman opened his KM Music Conservatory partnered with Audio Media Education facility to tutor and train aspiring musicians in vocals, instruments, music technology and sound design. The conservatory – with preeminent musicians on its panel and a newly founded symphony orchestra – is located near his studio in Kodambakkam, Chennai, offering courses at Beginners, Foundation and Diploma level.^[69][70] Rahman composed the theme music for a short film for The Banyan in 2006, in aid of destitute women in Chennai. In 2008, Rahman, along with percussionist Sivamani created a song titled Jiya Se Jiya, inspired by the Free Hugs Campaign and promoted it through a video shot in various cities in India. by Don Asian alongside Several of Rahman's proteges from the studio have gone onto score music for feature films.

Filmography

Main article: A. R. Rahman discography

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} "India's A.R. Rahman strikes Grammys gold". Agence France-Presse. 2010. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hGgeRMlZ8ASQ9a-5v5AnbvmL0K9Q. Retrieved 2010-02-01. 
2. ^ "It's a bridge for Indian cinema: A R Rahman". Times of India. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/4179888.cms. Retrieved 26 February 2008. 
3. ^ An Interview with A.R. Rahman, Bio apple.com/Logic Studio
4. ^ Richard Corliss (3 May 2004). "Culture: The Mozart of Madras". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,994077,00.html. Retrieved 2010-02-03. 
5. ^ "Indian film composer for Rings". BBC. 2003-10-21. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3211258.stm. Retrieved 15 November 2008. 
6. ^ Das Gupta, Surajeet; Sen, Soumik. "Composing a winning score". Rediff. http://www.rediff.com/money/2002/sep/21bizsp.htm. Retrieved 15 November 2008. 
7. ^ Corliss, Richard. (January 1, 2005). That Old Feeling: Isn't It Rahmantic? Time Magazine. Retrieved on 2008-05-25.
8. ^ specials.msn.co.in/sp08/oscar/rahman.asp All About Rahman – Oscars 2009 Special. Accessed 10 January 2009.
9. ^ The 2009 TIME 100 – A.R. Rahman TIME.
10. ^ ^{a b c d e} Rangan, Baradwaj; Suhasini, Lalitha (14 June 2008). "A R Rahman – The Rolling Stone Interview". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone-india.com/feature/featuredetails.php?featureid=73. Retrieved 16 November 2008. 
11. ^ Ganti, T.. Bollywood: A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema. p. 112 
12. ^ ^{a b} "Artist of the Month: AR Rahman". TFM Page Magazine. January 2006. http://tfmmagazine.mayyam.com/jan06/?t=5568. Retrieved 15 February 2007. 
13. ^ Wax, Emily (9 February 2009). "'Slumdog' Composer's Crescendo Of a Career.". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/02/18/AR2009021803790.html. Retrieved 8 November 2010. 
14. ^ "Vellithen Kinnam: Rahman's first song". Malayalasangeetham. http://www.malayalasangeetham.info/php/SongDetails.php?sid=3602&encode=utf. Retrieved 26 November 2010. 
15. ^ ^{a b} Eur, Andy Gregory. The International Who's Who in Popular Music 2002: A. R. Rahman. pp. 419–420 
16. ^ ^{a b c d} Iyer, Vijay. "A. R. Rahman". lotr.com. http://www.lotr.com/cast_creative/creative_bio_03.php. Retrieved 15 November 2008. 
17. ^ Kasbekar, Asha (2006). Pop Culture India!: Media, Arts and Lifestyle. ABC-CLIO. p. 215. ISBN 9781851096367. http://books.google.com/?id=Sv7Uk0UcdM8C&pg=PA215&dq=A.+R.+Rehman+tamil. "Songs play as important a part in South Indian films and some South Indian music directors such as A. R. Rehman and Ilyaraja have an enthusiastic national and even international following" 
18. ^ Chaudhuri, S.. "Cinema of South India and Sri Lanka". Contemporary World Cinema: Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia. p. 149. "Now the South is believed to excel the North in many respects, including its colour labs, state of the art digital technology and sound processing facilities (which have improved the dubbing of Tamil and other South Indian languages into Hindi since the 1970s" 
19. ^ Prasad, Ayappa (2003). "Films don't believe in borders". Screen. http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=5670. Retrieved 15 November 2008. 
20. ^ Ramaswamy, V.. Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. p. 199 
21. ^ Chaudhuri, S.. "Cinema of South India and Sri Lanka". Contemporary World Cinema: Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia. p. 149. "Southern filmmakers like Mani Ratnam, Ram Gopal Varma and Priyadarshan have altered the profile of Indian 'national' cinema. So too have southern specialists... cinematographers Santosh Sivan, P. C. Sriram and music composer A. R. Rahman who formed a highly successful team with Ratnam and have all attained star status in their own right" 
22. ^ www.indiainfo.com Nambiar, Smitha. "A. R. Rahman – The Melody King." Accessed on 16 November 2008
23. ^ Stafford, Roy. Understanding Audiences and the Film Industry. London: British Film Institute. p. 27. ISBN 9781844571413 
24. ^ Arnold, Alison (2000). "Film music in the late Twentieth century". The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. Taylor & Francis. p. 540. ISBN 9780824049461. http://books.google.com/?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&pg=RA2-PA555&dq=A.+R.+Rahman+tamil+film+music. "The recent success of the Tamil film music director A. R. Rehman in achieving widespread popularity in the world of Hindi film music is now possibly opening doors to new South-North relationships and collaborations" 
25. ^ "The A R Rahman Chat". Rediff On The Net. Rediff. 17 August 1998. http://www.rediff.com/chat/rahmchat.htm. Retrieved 6 December 2008. 
26. ^ Velayutham, Selvaraj (2008). Tamil Cinema: The Cultural Politics of India's Other Film Industry. p. 6. 
27. ^ Ganti, T.. Bollywood: A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema. p. 112. "Rehman became a major star with his hit music in Roja followed by hit scores for Mani Ratnam's and Shankar's films in Tamil." 
28. ^ "Film Composer A.R. Rahman Selects Bag End Bass Speakers". Mix. 7 June 2006. http://mixonline.com/news/headline/bag-end-arrahman-060706/. Retrieved 18 November 2008. 
29. ^ Omkar, Ashanti (March 2008). "Interview with A. R. Rahman". The Score Magazine (Chennai) 1 (1) 
30. ^ Maria Verghis, Shana (11 August 2006). "A R Rahman Interview". The Pioneer (New Delhi). http://smaramra.blogspot.com/2006/08/r-rahman-interview.html 
31. ^ "Cine Scope". Tamil Guardian: p. 7. 19 October 2005. http://www.tamilguardian.com/tg310/p7.pdf. 
32. ^ "Cinemaya 1998". Cinemaya (New Delhi) (39–41): p. 9. 1998. ISSN 0970-8782. OCLC 19234070. "However, the song was lifted by a whole range of well-known music directors from Bombay so much so that the original composition in Tamil by AR Rahman..." 
33. ^ www.billboard.com Billboard Top Electronic Album. Accessed on 29 August 2009.
34. ^ Slumdog soundtrack on world charts
35. ^ www.billboard.com Music Charts, Most Popular Music, Music by Genre & Top Music Charts. Accessed on 29 August 2009
36. ^ www.billboard.com Ben-Yehuda, Ayala. "Soulja Boy Climbs Hot 100" Accessed on 5 March 2009.
37. ^ Allen, John; Uck Lun Chun, Allen Chun, Ned Rossiter, Brian Shoesmith. Refashioning pop music in Asia. p. 67 
38. ^ "A. R. Rahman: Summary Biography". A. R. Rahman: A Biography. November 2002. http://members.tripod.com/gopalhome/arrbio.html. Retrieved 15 February 2007. "Particularly impressed with Vande Mataram, Jeremy Spencer, formerly of Fleetwood Mac stated that Rahman was the only Indian composer he knew about and liked" 
39. ^ Chander, Bhuvana (2006-04-19). "Tamil Cinema". Tamil Guardian: p. 15. http://www.tamilguardian.com/tg321/p15.pdf. Retrieved 2010-10-24. 
40. ^ (page 6)
41. ^ The Washington Post, By Chris Richards, Nov 24, 2009; 3:34 PM ET
42. ^ TNN, May 2, 2010, 06.50am IST (2010-05-02). "Gujarat turns 50 in style – Ahmedabad – City – The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/NEWS/City/Ahmedabad/Gujarat-turns-50-in-style/articleshow/5882277.cms. Retrieved 2010-08-23. 
43. ^ A.R. Rahman Jai Ho Concert: The Journey Home World Tour Retrieved on 11 June 2010
44. ^ "Airtel unveils new logo, tune". Deccan Herald. http://www.deccanherald.com/content/113986/airtel-unveils-logo-tune.html. Retrieved 2010-11-18. 
45. ^ Bharat. "Airtel New Signature Tune Available for Download". Indiamag.in. http://www.indiamag.in/airtel-new-signature-tune-available-for-download.html. Retrieved 2010-11-19. 
46. ^ "A.R.Rahman's exclusive tune for Radio Desi Beats". Musicaloud. http://www.musicaloud.com/2010/11/28/a-r-rahmans-new-theme-tune-for-radio-desibeat/. Retrieved 2010-11-28. 
47. ^ "Toyota ropes in Rahman to endorse Etios in India". The Economic Times. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/auto/automobiles/Toyota-ropes-in-Rahman-to-endorse-Etios-in-India/articleshow/6757478.cms. Retrieved 2010-10-16. 
48. ^ "AR Rahman is Toyota Etios' brand ambassador". Rediff. http://business.rediff.com/report/2010/oct/15/auto-ar-rahman-is-toyota-etios-brand-ambassador.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-15. 
49. ^ "A.R. Rahman performs at the launch of the Toyota Etios". Motoism. http://www.motoism.com/20101205178/top-news/ar-rahman-performs-at-the-launch-of-the-toyota-etios.htm. Retrieved 2010-12-05. 
50. ^ Viswanathan, T.; Harper Allen, Matthew. Music in South India. p. 139 
51. ^ Through innovations such as these, commentators herald Rahman's work as having "passed the relatively static makeup of Western ensembles such as jazz bands and symphony orchestras and the rigid formula of American pop songs." Todd Titon, Jeff; Linda Fujie, David Locke, David P. McAllester. "India/South India". Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples. pp. 202–205 
52. ^ Corliss, Richard (2005). "Best Soundtracks – ALL TIME 100 MOVIES – TIME". TIME. http://www.time.com/time/2005/100movies/0,23220,soundtracks,00.html. Retrieved 24 February 2008. 
53. ^ Ganti, T.. Bollywood: A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema. p. 112. "Rehman is an innovative and phenomenally successful contemporary Tamil and Hindi composer whose style transformed film music in the 1990s...he is considered a genius in the Bombay film industry, and in terms of how much control and autonomy he is allowed over his compositions and working style, he holds tremendous power over film producers and directors" 
54. ^ Smith, Ethan (27 February 2009). "'Slumdog' Remix: The Oscar-winning song 'Jai Ho' is reworked with help from a Pussycat Doll". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123568984902087603.html. Retrieved 2009-03-01 
55. ^ "Baz Luhrrman comments on A. R. Rahman". Charindaa. 2005. http://www.charindaa.org/news.html. Retrieved 15 November 2008. 
56. ^ Prakash, B.S. (6 July 2006). "Stanford University honours A R Rahman". Rediff. Rediff.com. http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/jul/06bsp.htm. Retrieved 16 December 2008. 
57. ^ "66th Annual Golden Globe Awards". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/features/rto/2009/globes. Retrieved 12 December 2008. 
58. ^ "Rahman to be awarded an Honorary Degree in July". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 1 April 2009. http://www.hindu.com/holnus/009200904010921.htm. Retrieved 26 May 2009. 
59. ^ "Rahman to be conferred honorary doctorate by AMU". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 26 May 2009. http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200905261962.htm. Retrieved 26 May 2009. 
60. ^ Anna University honours Stalin, AR Rahman and 'Moon Man’ Annadurai, Hindustan Times, MR Venkatesh August 01, 2009
61. ^ Ministry of Home Affairs (25 January 2010). "This Year's Padma Awards announced". Press release. http://www.pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=57307. Retrieved 25 January 2010. 
62. ^ "The 68th Annual Golden Globe Award". Golden Globe Award. 14 December 2010. http://www.goldenglobes.org/blog/2010/12/the-68th-annual-golden-globe-awards-nominations/. Retrieved 14 December 2010. 
63. ^ Vickey Lalwani. "AR Rahman’s son sings for Hollywood". TNN. Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/AR-Rahmans-son-sings-for-Hollywood/articleshow/4832755.cms. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
64. ^ "A R Rahman’s daughter sings song in ‘Yanthram’". Indiaglitz. http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/58995.html. Retrieved 2010-07-29. 
65. ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TqUbiOgEb0w&feature=fvw
66. ^ Mere paas maa hai: A R Rahman
67. ^ "Front Page : Great composer, greater human feted". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 2009-02-24. http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/24/stories/2009022460281200.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-23. 
68. ^ "LA Phil presents Hollywood Bowl: About the Performer: AR Rahman". Hollywood Bowl Official Website. http://www.hollywoodbowl.com/music/artist_detail.cfm?id=2648. Retrieved June 2006. 
69. ^ "Rahman's music conservatory in June". Screen. http://www.screenindia.com/news/Rahmans-music-conservatory-in-June/285836/. Retrieved November 2008. 
70. ^ "Briefly Tamil Cinema". Tamil Guardian. 19 April 2006. http://www.tamilguardian.com/print.asp?articleid=602. Retrieved 24 October 2010. 

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Vishwanathan, T.; Matthew Harp-Allen (2004). Music in South India: The Karṇāṭak Concert Tradition and Beyond : Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture. USA: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195145915.
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